The vault
Who copied whom
Mapmakers copied, reissued and corrected one another. Here are 18 family trees. An arrow runs from a map to the one made from it. A plain line joins works that share a plate, an atlas or a tradition.
Stated outrightProbableMapClick a name to open it.
From Ibn Hawqal, 10th century
3 works, 10th century to c. 977–988
From Kashgari, 1072–1077
2 works, 1072–1077 to 1072–1077
From Hua yi tu, 1136
2 works, 1136 to 1136
From al-Idrisi, 1154
2 works, 1154 to 1154
From Ebstorf, c. 1230–1300
3 works, c. 1230–1300 to c. 1300
From Catalan Atlas, 1375
2 works, 1375 to c. 1450–1460
From Bianco, 1436
3 works, 1436 to 1457
From Ptolemy, Rome, 1478
3 works, 1478 to 1548
From Waldseemüller, 1507
3 works, 1507 to 1522
From Luo Hongxian, 1555
2 works, 1555 to 1601
From Jenkinson, 1562
12 works, 1562 to c. 1680
The 12 links and the evidence for each
| From | To | Link | How sure | Why |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M081 | M082 | derived from | stated | Jenkinson 1562 is parent of Ortelius 1570; Ortelius's reduced plate of Jenkinson |
| M081 | M004 | derived from | stated | Ortelius 1570 Tartary map drawn from Jenkinson 1562 and Gastaldi |
| M004 | M047 | same plate | stated | M047 is the 1603 impression of the 1570 plate |
| M004 | M082 | same atlas | stated | Both plates of the 1570 Theatrum orbis terrarum |
| M081 | M079 | derived from | stated | Jenkinson 1562 is a partial source of Mercator 1569 |
| M082 | M046 | reproduction | probable | 1914 reproduction of Jenkinson 1562, probably via the Ortelius plate (Kordt) |
| M079 | M049 | derived from | stated | Mercator 1569 is parent of the Hondius Tartaria of 1606 (via the 1595 Asia) |
| M049 | M050 | derived from | stated | Blaeu Tartaria from Hondius 1606 |
| M050 | M048 | derived from | stated | De Wit from Blaeu/Jansson Tartaria plus Martini |
| M050 | M086 | derived from | stated | De Wit from Martini 1655 plus Blaeu Tartaria |
| M049 | M096 | derived from | probable | Katib Celebi's Cihannüma outlines from the Mercator-Hondius Atlas Minor |
| M096 | W211 | accompanying text | stated | Katib Celebi's Cihannüma |
From Ricci, 1602
3 works, 1602 to c. 1785
From Sanson, 1652
3 works, 1652 to 1690s
From Phil. Trans. notice, 1686
5 works, 1686 to 1695
The 5 links and the evidence for each
| From | To | Link | How sure | Why |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M083 | M051 | derived from | stated | Allard and Van der Aa reductions of Witsen 1687 |
| M083 | M033 | derived from | stated | Reduction of the Witsen 1687 map issued with Ides |
| M083 | W079 | accompanying text | stated | Linked text record: An Account of a New Map of Tartary (Philosophical Transactions) |
| M083 | W122 | accompanying text | probable | Witsen's map and his book Noord en Oost Tartarye (first edition 1692) |
| M051 | W079 | accompanying text | stated | Linked text record |
From Remezov, 1690–1733
11 works, 1690–1733 to 1775
The 10 links and the evidence for each
| From | To | Link | How sure | Why |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M080 | M084 | derived from | stated | Homann Heirs c.1739 from Strahlenberg 1730 |
| M056 | M084 | derived from | stated | Homann Heirs c.1739 from Kirilov 1734 |
| M056 | M100 | derived from | stated | Atlas Russicus 1745 from Kirilov 1734 and Petrine surveys |
| M100 | M057 | same atlas | stated | M057 is a sheet of the 1745 Atlas Russicus |
| M084 | M055 | derived from | probable | Lotter reduces the Homann/Seutter Russia and Tartary maps |
| M099 | M006 | same work | stated | Remezov's Siberia sheets, catalogued as related states |
| M028 | M099 | same tradition | probable | Same maker and survey programme (Remezov's chorographic drawings) |
| M080 | M035 | corrected by | stated | Georgi's survey supersedes Strahlenberg's Baikal |
| M006 | M035 | corrected by | probable | Georgi's survey supersedes Remezov's Baikal (card names Remezov, not a sheet) |
| M080 | W002 | accompanying text | stated | Strahlenberg's map and his book (English 1738) |
From Kangxi atlas copy, 1717–1721
21 works, 1717–1721 to 1840
The 23 links and the evidence for each
| From | To | Link | How sure | Why |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M107 | M022 | derived from | stated | d'Anville 1737 derives from the Kangxi Jesuit atlas |
| M107 | M108 | same work | stated | M108 is the 1941 facsimile of the Kangxi atlas |
| M107 | M009 | derived from | probable | Card dates the underlying surveys 1708-1717 (the Kangxi survey) |
| M107 | M012 | derived from | probable | Card dates the underlying surveys 1708-1717 (the Kangxi survey) |
| M107 | M110 | derived from | stated | Li Zhaoluo 1832 from the Kangxi and Qianlong survey atlases |
| M107 | M111 | derived from | stated | Qianlong atlas, itself from the Kangxi atlas, reduced in 1821 |
| M022 | M072 | derived from | stated | Cary 1806 from d'Anville 1737 |
| M022 | M016 | derived from | probable | 1790 atlas in the d'Anville lineage |
| M022 | M019 | derived from | probable | 1834 map in the d'Anville lineage |
| M022 | M073 | derived from | probable | Cassini 1789 from d'Anville and Vaugondy |
| M022 | M068 | derived from | probable | Jesuit d'Anville base |
| M022 | M069 | derived from | probable | d'Anville base |
| M088 | M068 | derived from | probable | Klaproth |
| M088 | M069 | derived from | probable | Klaproth |
| M088 | M077 | derived from | probable | Fremin's Asia revised with Klaproth's Chinese-source corrections |
| M088 | M058 | derived from | stated | Klaproth is parent of SDUK 1838 |
| M077 | M058 | derived from | stated | Fremin 1829 is parent of SDUK 1838 |
| M088 | M089 | derived from | probable | Humboldt 1843 draws on Klaproth and Ritter |
| M101 | M058 | derived from | stated | SDUK 1838 from Pyadyshev 1820s |
| M101 | M059 | derived from | stated | SDUK 1838 from Pyadyshev |
| M101 | M071 | derived from | stated | Lapie from the Russian Academy and Pyadyshev |
| M058 | M059 | same atlas | stated | Both SDUK sheets of 1838 in the 1844 volume |
| M058 | M060 | same atlas | stated | SDUK sheets in the 1844 volume |
From Tanner, 1836
3 works, 1836 to 1836
From Stieler, 1843
3 works, 1843 to 1849