Place · label

Great Tartary

Label for Asiatic Tartary on 17th-18th century maps

What the sources say here: 2 passages

Thirty 'Tartarian' languages from the Black Sea to Japan

Editorial contextStrahlenberg announces the first part of his planned work: a comparative table of thirty languages spoken between the Black Sea and the Sea of Japan, which he calls the 'Tartarian' languages. He explains that the many peoples of Siberia and Tartary each have their own language besides the main languages used among them, and a footnote adds that they therefore cannot all properly go under the name of Tartars.

The first, then, is a Specimen of the Harmony of the Tartarian Languages, consisting of 30 languages, which begin at the Black Sea and end at the Sea of Japan. … (since various peoples live in Siberia and Tartary who, besides the main languages in use among them, have their own particular ones as well)

Working translation

Original wording

Das erste nun, ist ein Specimen Harmoniae linguarum Tartaricarum, bestehend in 30 Sprachen, die sich anheben von dem Schwartzen und sich endigen bey dem Japanischen Meer. … (indem unterschiedliche Völckerschaften in Siberien und der Tartarey vorhanden sind, welche nebst denen Haupt-Sprachen, so unter ihnen gebräuchlich sind, ihre eigene oder particuliere daneben haben)

Philipp Johann von Strahlenberg (Vorbericht, Stockholm 1726)

About Peoples of Siberia and 'Tartary' (Turkic, Mongolic, Uralic and others)

Keep in mind

The OCR of this copy is badly garbled Fraktur; the quote has been restored letter by letter from the damaged text, so check the scan.

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Continue in this sourceStrahlenberg's advance notice of his book on Great Tartary and Siberia1709 to 1722 · 9 passages

Where the name 'Tartary' came from: a river, a province or a Syriac word

Editorial contextBefore describing China, the enlarged 1734 edition inserts a compiled chapter on Tartary 'from the most approved historians'. It offers three origins for the name: a river called Tartar, a province of that name mentioned by Hayton, or a Syriac word 'Tartaroye' meaning a numerous nation. It then divides Tartary into old and new, little and great, stretching from Jesso (Hokkaido) to the Sea of Azov, Poland and Russia.

Tartary, which got its name perhaps from the river Tartar …, or according to Hayton's account from a province so called, or from the Syriac word Tartaroye, which means a numerous nation, is divided by some into old and new Tartary, likewise into little and great, or into that lying on this side and beyond Mount Imaus

Working translation

Original wording

Die Tartarey, welche etwan von dem Fluß Tartar …, oder nach Haithony Bericht von einer also genannten Provintz, oder von dem syrischen Wort Tartaroye, welches eine zahlreiche Nation bedeutet, seinen Nahmen bekommen, wird von einigen in die alte und neue Tartarey, item in die kleine und grosse, oder in dieß- und jenseits des Bergs Imaus gelegene, eingetheilet

Compiled chapter in the 1734 enlarged edition of Brand's journey (from earlier historians)

About 'Tartars' in general

Keep in mind

Book learning added to the 1734 edition, not something Brand learned on the road.

Continue in this sourceAdam Brand's journey with the Russian embassy to China1692 to 1695 · 12 passages

On the old maps

Maps that name Great Tartary.

12 sources and maps name this place

  1. c. 1329–1330approximate
    The Wonders Described
    WJordanus Catalani of Séverac, Dominican, bishop of…mixedW245
  2. 1522exact year
  3. 1652exact year
    La Grande Tartarie
    MNicolas Sanson d'AbbevillecompilationM052
  4. c. 1680approximate
  5. 1683exact year
  6. 1690swithin a decade
    Carte Nouvelle de la Grande Tartarie
    MAlexis-Hubert JaillotcompilationM053
  7. 1698exact year
  8. 1699–1701a range
  9. 1720swithin a decade
  10. 1726exact year
  11. 1739exact year
    Carte générale d'Empire de Russie et de Tartarie grande et petite
    MNot named in retrieved cataloguenot statedM010
  12. c. 1739approximate