Place · macro

Asia

What the sources say here: 2 passages

'When a European speaks of Tatars, no one knows who is meant'

Editorial contextFischer complains that Europeans mispronounce the name as 'Tartar', perhaps imagining it comes from Tartarus, an allusion he says is common in old and new histories. Worse, they give it to every Asian people beyond Persia and India up to the Pacific, however different in looks, way of life, religion and language. He even doubts whether any single people ever properly bore the name, noting that Batu's army that invaded Hungary were Mongols, not Tatars.

Perhaps they imagined that the name comes from Tartarus. … So it happens that when a European speaks of Tatars, one does not know whom he means. Because this name is so very general, I have often hesitated whether there was ever a particular people on earth that bore the proper name Tatar.

Working translation

Original wording

Vielleicht haben sie sich eingebildet, daß der name von Tartarus herkomt. … Solcher gestalt geschiehet es, daß wenn ein Europäer von Tataren redet, man nicht weiß von wem die rede ist. Weil dieser name so gar allgemein ist, so habe ofters bei mir angestanden, ob auch jemals ein besonder volk auf dem erdboden gewesen sei, das den eigentümlichen namen Tatar geführet.

Johann Eberhard Fischer (Sibirische Geschichte, introduction, 1768)

About 'Tatars' as a European catch-all; Mongols of Batu

Continue in this sourceFischer's Siberian History1500 to 1747 · 4 passages

A Tartar emperor in Asia who keeps Christian rites

Editorial contextThe same informant adds that the 'Cham', emperor of the Tartars in Asia, lives not far from the Circassians and still keeps many Christian rites because his people were once converted. This is an echo of the medieval Prester John and Christian khan legends, repeated as current news.

He added, moreover, that the Cham, Emperor of the Tartars in Asia, is not far from that people, and still keeps much of the Christian rites, since they once came over to our faith.

Working translation

Original wording

Adiecit autem, Cham, Tartarorum in Asia Imperatorem, non procul ab ea gente abesse, qui multum adhuc rituum Christianorum retineat, cũ olim ad fidem nostram accesserint.

Antonio Possevino, S.J. (Moscovia, Vilnius 1586), reporting an unnamed informant 'N.'

About 'Cham, emperor of the Tartars in Asia'

Keep in mind

Rumour with no named ruler or place; by 1580 no Christian 'Cham' ruled near the Caucasus.

Transcribed from the page image (corpus OCR garbled); long s normalized.

Continue in this sourceA papal envoy's report on Muscovy, bound with a Polish envoy's description of the Crimean Tatars1581 to 1582 · 20 passages

On the old maps

Maps that name Asia. Eight of 13.

20 sources and maps name this place

  1. c. 1320approximate
  2. 1333–1366within a century
    The Travels of Sir John Mandeville
    WSir John Mandevilleclaimed or disputedW042
  3. 1436exact year
  4. 1448exact year
  5. 1654–1657a range
  6. 1654–1657a range
    The Mirror of the World
    WKatib CelebicompilationW211
  7. 1674exact year
    Kunyu quantu
    MFerdinand Verbiest SJcompilationM102
  8. 1692exact year
  9. c. 1785approximate
    Sankai yochi zenzu
    MNagakubo SekisuicompilationM103
  10. 1792exact year
    Chikyu zenzu
    MShiba KokancompilationM113
  11. 1796exact year
    Modern Asia
    MJohn Wilkesnot statedM017
  12. 1823exact year
    Asia Polyglotta
    WJulius von KlaprothcompilationW291
  13. 1829exact year
  14. 1834exact year
  15. 1840exact year
    Asia (SDUK, 1 January 1840
    MSociety for the Diffusion of Useful KnowledgecompilationM060
  16. 1841exact year
    Asia (Black's General Atlas, 1841)
    MAdam and Charles Black, EdinburghcompilationM070
  17. 1844exact year
    Asia, newly engraved 1844
    MFriedrich von StuelpnagelcompilationM066
  18. 1844exact year
    L'Asie depuis la mort de Tchinghiz-Khan
    MAntoine Philippe Houze, PariscompilationM078
  19. 1849exact year
    Asien, 1849
    MJoseph MeyercompilationM074
  20. 1850exact year
    Carte physique et politique de l'Asie
    MAdrien-Hubert BruecompilationM075