Place · polity

Qing empire

Beijing

What the sources say here: 2 passages

Tartars in huts, now made to build villages

Editorial contextDescribing the lands between Beijing and the Russian frontier, Careri says the vast 'Imperial Tartary' owned by the emperor of China was uncultivated and wooded, and its 'poor Tartars' lived in huts without walled houses, like the ancient nomads with portable dwellings. But the present emperor was now 'civilising' them, beginning to have villages built and gathering them in, with forty tributary princes including the Khalkha.

those poor Tartars living there under huts, without walled houses, in the manner of the ancient Numidians or Hamaxobians, who, all given to the pastoral life, did not even have houses but went to live wherever it was most convenient with their portable huts. But the present Emperor of Tartary, now civilising them well, is beginning to have villages built for them and to gather them into these in communities

Working translation

Original wording

vivendovi que' poveri Tartari sotto capanne, senza case murate, a modo degli antichi Numidi, o Hamaxobiti, che tutti intesi alla vita pastorale, nè men case avevano, ma con loro portatili mapali, ove più concio era, andavano ad abitare. Ma l'Imperador odierno della Tartaria, bene al presente dirozzandogli comincia a far loro fabbricare Ville, e raccorgli entro a quelle in comunanza

Giovanni Francesco Gemelli Careri (Giro del Mondo, part IV, Naples 1700)

About Mongols under Qing rule ('poor Tartars'; Khalkha)

Keep in mind

Careri did not travel there; this comes from Jesuits at court (Grimaldi, Gerbillon, Pereira). The classical comparison is his own.

Transcribed from the page image; long s normalized.

Continue in this sourceGemelli Careri's round-the-world journey: China under the 'Eastern Tartars'1695 to 1696 · 7 passages

A wooden Buddhist chapel at a Qing border post

Editorial contextHumboldt's party visited the Qing border post of Baty on the Irtysh. Rose says (p. 601) it was really two posts, Mongols on one bank and Chinese on the other, all living in tents or Kazakh yurts under Chinese officers. The Mongol-side officer showed them the temple: a small square wooden building with an altar and a painted Buddhist image, and a slate altar outside. The frontier 'town' was a camp.

After staying a while he led us into the temple, which stood on this side of the Irtysh not far from the river. It was a small, square, wooden building whose door faced the river; inside we found it almost empty, since apart from an altar opposite the door and the image of an idol of the Buddhist cult on the wall above the altar …

Working translation

Original wording

Nach einigem Verweilen führte er uns in den Tempel, der auf dieser Seite des Irtysch nicht weit vom Flusse stand: Es war ein kleines, viereckiges, hölzernes Gebäude, dessen Thür dem Flusse zugekehrt war; im Innern fanden wir es fast leer, da es ausser einem Altar der Thür gegenüber, und der Abbildung eines Idols des Buddhistischen Cultus an der Wand über dem Altar …

Gustav Rose

About Mongol and Chinese soldiers of the Qing garrison

Continue in this sourceGustav Rose's narrative of Humboldt's Russian journey, 18291829 · 13 passages

On the old maps

Maps that name Qing empire. Eight of 9.

19 sources and maps name this place

  1. 1686exact year
  2. 1699–1700a range
    Voyage round the World, part IV
    WGiovanni Francesco Gemelli CarerifirsthandW239
  3. c. 1737approximate
  4. 1744exact year
  5. 1751–1761a range
    Illustrations of Tributaries of the Qing Empire, 9 juan
    WFuheng and the Qianlong commissioninformant testimonyW127
  6. 1760swithin a decade
    Qing neifu yuditu suo moben
    MLiu YancompilationM111
  7. 1767exact year
    Da Qing wannian yitong tianxia quantu
    MHuang QianrencompilationM109
  8. 1780exact year
  9. 1829exact year
  10. 1829–1830a range
  11. 1832exact year
    Huangchao yitong yudi quantu
    MLi ZhaoluocompilationM110
  12. 1836exact year
    Russia in Asia and Tartary
    MHenry Schenck TannercompilationM061
  13. 1836exact year
    Russia in Asia and Tartary, with Western Part of Russia
    MSamuel Augustus MitchellcompilationM062
  14. 1836exact year
    Russia in Asia and Tartary
    MSamuel Augustus MitchellcompilationM063
  15. 1836exact year
    The Chinese
    WJohn Francis DavisfirsthandW100
  16. 1837–1842a range
  17. 1840exact year
    Asia (SDUK, 1 January 1840
    MSociety for the Diffusion of Useful KnowledgecompilationM060
  18. 1841exact year
    Asia (Black's General Atlas, 1841)
    MAdam and Charles Black, EdinburghcompilationM070
  19. 1849exact year
    Asien, 1849
    MJoseph MeyercompilationM074