Jurchen and Manchus (incl. the Qing as a Manchu dynasty)

Manchus

Named in 18 sources and maps.

  1. 1607–1636a range
    The Old Manchu Chronicles
    WOld Manchu Archivesofficial or contemporary recordW144
  2. 1636exact year
    Veritable Records of Qing Taizu
    WQing court historiographerscompilationW145
  3. 1638–1640a range
    The Empire of China and the Evangelical Culture in it by the Jesuits
    WÁlvaro Semedo, Portuguese JesuitfirsthandW244
  4. 1663–1672a range
  5. 1667exact year
    China Illustrated by its Sacred and Secular Monuments
    WAthanasius Kircher, S.J.compilationW234
  6. 1684exact year
    Imperially Commissioned Gazetteer of Shengjing
    WAgui and Liu JinzhicompilationW140
  7. 1692exact year
  8. 1699–1700a range
    Voyage round the World, part IV
    WGiovanni Francesco Gemelli CarerifirsthandW239
  9. 1731exact year
    Secret information on the strength and condition of the Chinese state
    WCount Sava Vladislavich-Raguzinsky, Russian…firsthandW173
  10. 1777–1783a range
  11. 1780exact year
  12. 1797exact year
  13. 1820exact year
  14. 1823exact year
    Asia Polyglotta
    WJulius von KlaprothcompilationW291
  15. 1824–1828a range
  16. 1826exact year
  17. 1832–1838a range
  18. 1849exact year