lettered by Abraham Ortelius, 1570
Early steppe and pre-Mongol peoples

Göktürks and early Turkic peoples

Named in 9 sources and maps.

  1. c. 720–735approximate
    The Old Turkic Orkhon inscriptions
    WSecond Turk qaghanate courtofficial or contemporary recordW221
  2. c. 846–885approximate
    Book of Routes and Realms
    WIbn Khurradadhbihclaimed or disputedW203
  3. 943exact year
    Meadows of Gold and Mines of Gems
    Wal-Mas'udimixedW201
  4. 1072–1077a range
    Compendium of the Turkic Dialects
    WMahmud al-KashgarifirsthandW219
  5. c. 1120approximate
    Sharaf al-Zaman Tahir Marvazi on China, the Turks and India
    WMarvazicompilationW197
  6. c. 1300–1310approximate
    Compendium of Chronicles
    WRashid al-Din Fadl Allah HamadanicompilationW119
  7. c. 1719–1728approximate
    Abridged history of Tartary
    WClaude de VisdeloucompilationW257
  8. 1756–1758a range
    General history of the Huns, Turks, Mongols and other western Tartars before and after Christ down to the…
    WJoseph de GuignescompilationW255
  9. 1846–1850a range
    Collection of information on the peoples who inhabited Central Asia in ancient times
    WBichurincompilationW180