lettered by Abraham Ortelius, 1570
Early steppe and pre-Mongol peoples

Khitan (Liao)

Named in 6 sources and maps.

  1. c. 720–735approximate
    The Old Turkic Orkhon inscriptions
    WSecond Turk qaghanate courtofficial or contemporary recordW221
  2. 1248exact year
    Travel notes of the Chinese Zhang Dehui during his journey to Mongolia in the first half of the 13th century
    WZhang DehuimixedW133
  3. c. 1719–1728approximate
    Abridged history of Tartary
    WClaude de VisdeloucompilationW257
  4. c. 1737approximate
    General history of China, or Annals of that empire, translated from the Tongjian gangmu
    WJoseph de Mailla, translatorcompilationW256
  5. 1756–1758a range
    General history of the Huns, Turks, Mongols and other western Tartars before and after Christ down to the…
    WJoseph de GuignescompilationW255
  6. 1846–1850a range
    Collection of information on the peoples who inhabited Central Asia in ancient times
    WBichurincompilationW180