Place · region

Shandong

Qing province

What the sources say here: 3 passages

Four races of Tartars in China

Editorial contextThe Mongol official Kwang tells Ellis that Tartars can hold office at eighteen and that there are four races of Tartars in China. Ellis's footnote explains the Manchu, Mongol and 'Tartarized Chinese' eight-banner system, and notes that Mongols have long been Buddhists while Manchus adopted Buddhism only after entering China.

Tartars, Kwang informed us, were eligible to office at eighteen; this is said to arise from the wish of government to bring them early into employment: there are four different races of Tartars in China; he himself is a Mongul, or, as called in China, a Mun-koo.

Henry Ellis, reporting the Mongol official Kwang

About Manchus, Mongols and 'Tartarized' Chinese bannermen

Continue in this sourceHenry Ellis's journal of the Amherst embassy to China1816 · 9 passages

Manchu troops in long robes

Editorial contextFrom the boats Ellis sees soldiers under distinctive flags pointed out as Manchu Tartars. Their weapons look like Chinese troops', but they wear long gowns instead of jackets.

Last evening we observed some troops on the opposite bank with peculiar flags, which were described as Man-tchoo Tartars. There did not seem any difference in their arms or accoutrement, but instead of jackets they wore long dresses.

Henry Ellis

About Manchu bannermen

Continue in this sourceHenry Ellis's journal of the Amherst embassy to China1816 · 9 passages

Are Tartars really great horsemen?

Editorial contextTold that the emperor loves hunting and excels with the bow, Ellis adds a footnote: the missionaries praise Tartars as superb horsemen, but judging by the horses he saw, he doubts they could manage fast manoeuvres.

The account of the Missionaries represent the Tartars as excellent horsemen, and that the arts of the manege are various, and much attended to. I had no opportunity of verifying the truth of this description; from the appearance of the horses I should doubt their being equal to rapid manoeuvre.

Henry Ellis (footnote)

About Manchus and Mongols

Keep in mind

Ellis admits he could not check the missionaries' claim.

Continue in this sourceHenry Ellis's journal of the Amherst embassy to China1816 · 9 passages

On the old maps

Maps that name Shandong.

1 source and maps name this place

  1. 1717–1721a range
    Huangyu quanlan fensheng tu
    Mafter the Kangxi Jesuit surveyfirsthandM107