Place · historical region

Circassia

What the sources say here: 2 passages

Anapa: mud cabins and a medley of peoples

Editorial contextAnapa, the first Russian fortress on the Circassian coast, is described from notes by the expedition's historiographer: most houses were cabins of wood and mud thatched with maize leaves or reeds, and its 2,000 people included Circassians, Nogai Tatars, Kalmyks, Kumyks, Kabardians, 'Kazannes', Dagestanis and Bukharans. Spencer admits he did not land there himself.

The greater number of the houses of the town are mere cabins, constructed of wood and mud, thatched with the leaves of Indian corn or reeds. The inhabitants, consisting of Circassians, Nogay Tartars, Kalmucks, Komouks, Kabartis, Kazannes, Demikarponis, Daghistanes, Boukhares, with a few Greeks, Armenians, and Russians, speaking a medley of tongues

Edmund Spencer, from the expedition historiographer's notes

About Nogai Tatars, Kalmyks, Kumyks, Kazan Tatars and others

Keep in mind

Second-hand, as Spencer says.

Continue in this sourceEdmund Spencer's 1836 voyage round the Black Sea, volume one1830s · 6 passages

Crimean and Nogai refugees in the Caucasus

Editorial contextExplaining why his book includes a Tatar vocabulary, Spencer says many Circassians knew the language and that Crimean and Nogai Tatars who had fled Russian rule were settled throughout the Circassian provinces. He adds that the word lists should disprove the common idea that Circassians and Tatars shared an origin.

many of the Circassians are not only acquainted with it, but we every where find, throughout the whole of these provinces, Krim and Nogay Tartars domiciliated, who, on the subjection of their country to the rule of Russia, fled into the Caucasus.

Edmund Spencer

About Crimean and Nogai Tatars

Continue in this sourceEdmund Spencer's 1836 voyage round the Black Sea, volume one1830s · 6 passages

5 sources and maps name this place

  1. c. 1551–1553approximate
    History of Sahib Giray Khan
    WRemmal HocafirsthandW213
  2. 1559exact year
    Second Volume of Navigations and Voyages
    WGiovanni Battista RamusiocompilationW238
  3. 1787exact year
    Treatise on the commerce of the Black Sea
    WCharles de PeyssonnelfirsthandW269
  4. 1837exact year
    Travels in Circassia, Krim-Tartary, etc.
    WEdmund SpencerfirsthandW066
  5. 1841exact year
    Notes of a Half-Pay in Search of Health
    WWilliam JessefirsthandW085