The Khalkha Jirum, laws of the Khalkha Mongols
The assembly laws of the Khalkha Mongols under Qing rule, 1709 to 1770, in a 1965 Soviet edition.
Full title Khalkha Jirum: monument of Mongolian law of the 18th century (Mongolian text in transcription with Russian translation)
Халха Джирум. Памятник монгольского феодального права XVIII в.
Khalkha Jirum (laws of the Khalkha, 1709-1770); edited by Zhamtsarano and Dylykov (Moscow 1965)
The Khalkha Jirum is a code of laws of the Khalkha Mongols of Outer Mongolia, first issued in 1709 with additions to 1770, when the Khalkha were under Qing suzerainty. It names banners, monasteries and offices and shows how the people Europeans called Mongol Tartars organised themselves. The card lists the 1965 Moscow edition by Zhamtsarano and Dylykov, the Mongolian text in transcription with a Russian translation, from a user-uploaded scan. The atlas does not hold the text of this edition: the card says copyright of the 1965 edition applies to the upload, and the corpus stores no text of it, so nothing was read for this guide.
- How they knew
- Official record
- Who “Tartar” means here
- Not recorded. The card names the Khalkha Mongols, the estate of the Jebtsundamba Khutugtu and the Qing.
- Why read it
- It is a native legal record of Khalkha society under Qing rule, naming banners, lamaseries and offices.
- Watch out
- The edition is drawn from Leningrad manuscripts, and the Mongolian text is given in transcription, not in facsimile.
What it says
No quotes from this one yet. Its text is out of reach for now, or the scan could not be read.
The fine print
How we know
official or contemporary record An official document or a record made at the time.
official record: assembly laws of the Khalkha aimaks under Qing suzerainty, from Mongolian manuscripts
Research notes
- Edition from Leningrad manuscripts; Mongolian text given in transcription, not facsimile. Copyright of the 1965 edition applies to the upload.
Why it matters
Native legal record of Khalkha society under Qing rule, naming banners, lamaseries and offices: the internal organisation of the polity Europeans called Mongol Tartary.
Places named
Outer Mongolia (Khalkha)
Peoples named
Khalkha Mongols; Jebtsundamba Khutugtu's estate; Qing